Module 2 – Content and Structure

Socioeconomic aspects of Waste Water Treatment

PRELIMINARY COURSE WORK
Description	In order to take full advantage of the on-line module, students are advised to read the following material prior to course start. The Module Coordinators and Tutors are available to provide further information.
Reading list	Hamer M., Attia M. B., Fahmy H., Tawfik M. (2005), Water Policy Issues of Egypt – Country Policy Support Programme, New Delhi, India. Hinchman, R.R., Negri, M.C., Gatliff, E.G., (1997), Phytoremediation: using green plants to clean up contaminated soil, groundwater and wastewater. Twelfth Annual Conference on Cleanup of Contaminated Soils, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 18–23 October 1997. Masi F., Martinuzzi N. (2006), Constructed wetland for the Mediterranean countries: hybrid system for water reuse and sustainable sanitation, ELSEVIER, Firenze, November 2006; Raskin I., Smith R.D., Salt D. E. (1997), Phytoremediation of metals: using plants to remove pollutants from the environment , New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Week 1	Start date: 18.02.2014
TITLE	SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE WATER RESOURCE IN EGYPT AND TUNISIA
Description	To combine economic development, social equity and environmental sustainability is one of the most important challenges. Beyond the heterogeneity between and within the Mediterranean Countries, the current crisis seems to dismiss objectives such as integration and cooperation between territories. A future perspective is to recognize a share, in addition to the sea, of opportunities for common development, while presenting different characteristics. The topic aims to analyze the development of water resources in Egypt and Tunisia. These are countries that are reaching its limits of available water, and it is for this reason that must be analyzed variable supply conditions.
Assignment
Video lesson
Reading list	Abu-Mhadi M., Al-Sa’ed R. (2002),Towards sustainable water reuse in the Middle Est and North-Africa, MENA; Bahri A. (2002), Water reuse in Tunisia: State and Prospective, Actes de l’atelier du PCSI, Montpellier, France, 28-29 May 2002; EUWI, Organization for Economic co-operation and development (OECD) (2010), MED EUWI Egypt country dialogue on water, Egypt; Wahaab R.A., Omar E.M. (2012), Wastewater reuse in Egypt: opportunities and challenges, Egypt.

Week 2	Start date: 25.02.2014
TITLE	THE WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM
Description	Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or as an extraction technique. Phytoremediation is a remediation technology has been receiving attention lately, as results from field trials indicated a cost savings compared to conventional treatments. The study wants to explore the countless application possibilities that can be applied in different geographical areas and to compare the various types of techniques. The objective is to provide students with the ability to select a type of technology suitable for both the local context in question and the design and economic choices made.
Assignment
Video lesson
Reading list	Ali H., Khan E., Sajad M.A. (2013), Phytoremediation of heavy metals – Concepts and applications, Peshwar, Pakistan; Alkorta I., Garbisu C. (2001), Phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soils, Derio, Spain; Bendoricchio G., Dal Cin l., Persson J. (2000), Guidelines for free water surface wetland design, Padova , Italy and Copenaghen, Denmark; Kumar S., Dube K.K., Rai J.P.N. (2005), Mathematical model for phytoremediation of pulp and paper industry wastewater, Pantnagar , India, July 2005; Zhang B.Y., Zheng J.S., Sharp R.G. (2010), Phytoremediation in Engineered Wetlands: Mechanisms and Applications, Newfoundland, Canada.

Week 3	Start date: 04.03.2014
TITLE	THE PHYTOREMEDIATION’S INDUSTRY
Description	Developing countries are coping with serious environmental problems. In Africa, meeting basic needs such as clean water is a daily struggle for many. Growing populations and climate change are exacerbating these problems even more. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract and immobilize contaminants from soil and water. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, cost-effective alternative to the more established treatment methods used at hazardous waste sites. The topic is aimed, through the description of the research carried out previously, to analyze the various aspects related to the industry of constructed wetlands.
Assignment
Video lesson
Reading list	Hunt C., Riungu M., Mathiu M. (2011), Constructed wetland for water treatment and recreation, NGONG RIVER, Centre for Environmental Stewardship (CES), Kenya; Oketch M.A. (2005), The potential role of constructed wetland in protection and sustainable management of lake catchment in Kenya, Njoro, Kenya . Sharma H.K., Dogra P., Sharma N. and Sharma S. (2013), Comparative study on phytoremediation of synthetic and industrial effluent, Ambala, India, January 2013

Week 4	Start date: 11.03.2014
TITLE	REUSE OF TREATED WATER
Description	Wastewater reuse has developed from a basic method of disposing wastewater, without treatment, to an often highly engineered technique of wastewater upgrading and water resources augmentation, in water scarce regions throughout the world. The aim of this lesson is to provide an overview of possible solutions applicable in the context of North Africa as well as taking some existing applications in Europe. The critical assessment will allow students to increase their knowledge of this technology not only focusing on phytoremediation but expanding the strategic objectives of the design choices taken.
Assignment
Video lesson
Reading list	Hochstrat R., Wintgens T., Melin T., Jeffrey P. (2005), Wastewater reclamation and reuse in Europe: a model-based potential estimation, Aachen Germany and Bedford UK; Masi F., Martinuzzi N. (2006), Constructed wetlands for the Mediterranean countries: hybrid systems for water reuse and sustainable sanitation, Florence, Italy; The clean streams law (2002), Reuse Of Treated Wastewater Guidance Manual, Pensylvania Of Department Of Enviromental Protection, Harrisburg Usa; Wahaab R. A., El-Din Omar M. (2013), Wastewater Reuse in Egypt: Opportunities and Challenges, Holding Company for Water & Wastewater (HCWW) Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation (MWRI) Egypt.

Week 5	Start date: 18.03.2014
TITLE	CASE STUDIES
Description	The case studies presented represent some of the possible solutions applicable in the context of North Africa. The objective of this last part of the course is to have increased a critical spirit to every design scheme proposed, with a personal ability to know how to choose the best one on the basis of the design choices made and their consequences.
Assignment
Video lesson
Reading list	Abou-Elela S.I., Hellal M.S, Golinelli G., El-Tabl A.S. (2013), Treatment Of Municipal Wastewater Using Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands In Egypt, Water Sciences & Technology, IWA Publishing, London, UK, 27 august 2013. Abou-Elela S.I., Hellal M.S. (2012), Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands Planted With Canna, Phrogmites And Cyprus, Ecological Engineering 47, ELSEVIER, Germany, 24 July 2012, pp. 209-213. Abou-Elela S.I., Hellas M.S., Golinelli G., Abou-Taleb E.M. (2013), Municipal Wastewater treatment in horizontal and vertical flows constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 61, ELSEVIER, Germany, 12 October 2013, pp. 460-468. Hegazy A. K., Abdel-Ghani N. T., El-Chaghaby G. A. (2011), Phytoremediation Of Industrial Wastewater Potentiality By Typha Domingensis, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia And Cairo, Egypt; Witters N., Mendelsohn R., Van Passel S., Van Slycken S., Weyens N., Schreurs E., Meers E., Tack F., Vanheusden B., Vangronsveld J. (2011), Phytoremediation, A Sustainable Remediation Technology? II: Economic Assessment Of Co2 Abatement Through The Use Of Phytoremediation Crops For Renewable Energy Production, Diepenbeek, Belgium, New Haven USA, Ghent, Belgium.